Friday, May 31, 2019

J.B. Priestleys Inspector Calls :: Priestley Inspector Calls Essays

J.B. Priestleys Inspector CallsJ B Priestley presents the readers with a fascinating persist of guiltand innocence, of prejudice and hypocrisy. But there argon parts of thisplay that i fail to understand.Mr and Mrs Birling are a middle class couple with two children, Ericand Shelia. Shelia is engaged to an upper class humanness named GeraldCroft.It is not everyday that an inspector should turn up at a house filledwith people with such(prenominal) a high status. However, Mr Birling and Mr Croftare respected gentlemen, so why does Priestley leave it so unclear tothem, and us, as to whether Eva Smith is one person or several? Thereare many another(prenominal) possible answers to this question as different people willhave different views and opinions as to why Priestly does this.However, I am going to address my interpretations of why he chose todo this.There are certain things that readers must notice to be able tounderstand the question Does it affect your response to the playthat Priestly leaves it unclear whether there is one Eva Smith orseveral. For example, the fact that on questioning members of theBirling family and Mr Croft, the inspector insists that only oneperson sees the dash at any one time, and that that person mustbe the one who is being questioned. Of course, it is possible thatthis is the way in which this particular inspector does his work.However, if he were to allow everyone in the Birling household see the evidence at the same time, by the time he questioned the other familymembers they would have had time to react to the picture and would beable to pretend that they didnt know the girl, whereas dealing withthem individually enables the inspector to notice any suspiciousbehaviour. Also, could it be that there is a political message hiddenin this investigation? The actions of Mr and Mrs Birling show thatthey are unaware of the impact that they have on the lives of peoplein the working class, such as Eva Smith. They show no sign of remors eor regret, even after hearing that their actions and the selfishdecisions of their children and future son-in-law contributed to thekilling of a young defenceless woman. However, if this woman was of ahigher status, perhaps their views would be very different. Class wasa very important aspect of social life in the 1900s and I believethat the Inspector was trying to show the Birlings and Mr Croft, thatit is not the most important thing about people.Eva Smith was working class, she had little money and was lonely.

Thursday, May 30, 2019

Essay --

Environmental decision-making has become a tool in the hands of communities and NGOs to contradict development projects that may benefit the larger society. Indeed it may be argues that such participation in environmental decision making limits economic progress.Fracking withal known as hydro-fracking or hydraulic fracturing is the process of using millions of gallons of water mixed with sand and other variety of chemical commonly known as frack fluid to give shale rock thousands of feet below the ground and these fractures open allowing gas to seep back through the drill-hole and be extracted to the surface . It is the process by which indwelling gas shale and anele are extracted from the ground by opening and widening fractures below the earth surface and injecting a mixture of water, chemicals and silica sand at high haul into drilled wells in the earth to push the natural gas and/or oil onto the surface . Hydrofracking is a stimulation proficiency used to subjoin the yiel d of natural gas wells .In organically rich shale formations such as the Appalachian, Marcellus Shale, natural gas occurs in triad ways at bottom the digest spaces of the shale, within natural vertical fractures or joints in the shale, and adsorbed to mineral grains and organic materials within the shale . Most of the recoverable gas is fixed in the pore spaces, but because the pores are tiny and insular, extracting gas from them is difficult. Because of shales low permeability, the vertical wells traditionally drilled in the Marcellus Shale and others yielded gas at a unwilling rate . Geologists noticed, however, that the most successful wells shared a common trait a wellbore that intersects numerous fractures in the shale. These fractures in manoeuvre intersect oth... ...n the US has been in practice for a really long time and the percentage of proven environmental intrusions caused by fracking are low. In a University of Texas study an visualise of approx. 1 million oil and gas wells have been drilled and fracked. News reports, public debates and environmental groups all have their single facts and figure of the impact of fracking to the environment. There have been peer-reviewed scientific reports into the potential impacts of fracking but these studies show that risk of leakage for instance is dependent on the quality and law of the borehole casing and cementum job rather than what is brought about by fracking. Other environmental impacts are dependent on the logistics and extraction plan.1.Ground water defilementThis is the most discussed show up raised about fracking, it is also the most serious environmental concern Essay -- Environmental decision-making has become a tool in the hands of communities and NGOs to oppose development projects that may benefit the larger society. Indeed it may be argues that such participation in environmental decision making limits economic progress.Fracking also known as hydro-fracking or h ydraulic fracturing is the process of using millions of gallons of water mixed with sand and other variety of chemical commonly known as frack fluid to fracture shale rock thousands of feet below the ground and these fractures open allowing gas to seep back through the drill-hole and be extracted to the surface . It is the process by which natural gas shale and oil are extracted from the ground by opening and widening fractures below the earth surface and injecting a mixture of water, chemicals and silica sand at high pressure into drilled wells in the earth to push the natural gas and/or oil onto the surface . Hydrofracking is a stimulation technique used to increase the yield of natural gas wells .In organically rich shale formations such as the Appalachian, Marcellus Shale, natural gas occurs in three ways within the pore spaces of the shale, within natural vertical fractures or joints in the shale, and adsorbed to mineral grains and organic materials within the shale . Most of t he recoverable gas is located in the pore spaces, but because the pores are tiny and insular, extracting gas from them is difficult. Because of shales low permeability, the vertical wells traditionally drilled in the Marcellus Shale and others yielded gas at a slow rate . Geologists noticed, however, that the most successful wells shared a common trait a wellbore that intersects numerous fractures in the shale. These fractures in turn intersect oth... ...n the US has been in practice for a really long time and the percentage of proven environmental impacts caused by fracking are low. In a University of Texas study an estimate of approx. 1 million oil and gas wells have been drilled and fracked. News reports, public debates and environmental groups all have their respective facts and figure of the impact of fracking to the environment. There have been peer-reviewed scientific reports into the potential impacts of fracking but these studies show that risk of leakage for instance i s dependent on the quality and integrity of the borehole casing and cement job rather than what is brought about by fracking. Other environmental impacts are dependent on the logistics and extraction plan.1.Ground water contaminationThis is the most discussed issue raised about fracking, it is also the most serious environmental concern

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

On Images :: Senses Philosophy Papers

On ImagesConcrete jut outs atomic number 18 like pictures in the minds imagination which have been transferred from accepted headings through the nubs. Abstract images similarly exist in the imagination, but are not easily described or communicated. Both images interplay in various expressions as a person have it offs emotional, dream and pure thought states of consciousness. Despite the interplay, the two kinds of images do not merge or meld into a trine image type as a graduation between the two. Concrete images change, sometimes drastically. They never become twitch images, however deformed they are. Abstractions are just about assumed and exist as spontaneous and at times irrational images in the minds eye. Light, reason, infinity and nothing are examples of abstract images which cannot be given correct visual representation. Images take on different meanings with regard to language, death, prayer and society or politics but the two types remain distinct. All human beings experience both concrete and abstract imagery. However, the level of ability to think abstractly varies from person to person.For Aristotle, the most important and most enjoyable of the senses is the sense of sight. (1) The human eye receives an image with the use of light. dream of the physical world outside ourselves occurs as light reflects off objects, passes through the eyes, and presents an image to the mind. It is believed that these images are not unique to every single person because they are communicated and described back and forth, thus weakening the solipsists struggle. In this paper, abstract and concrete images will be defined by way of discussion of the imagination and the mind. on the face of it the mind functions in such a way that many images happen without any mechanistic equation to tell us how. The imagination is familiar and so are the images, but it is the wonder and challenge of how they interact that deepens our understanding. It is contended here that the line between the two types of images is stark and obvious, and not a graduation. Images are either concrete or abstract, without any in between. By concrete image we understand a sort of picture present when we are seeing something or as we close our eyes and remember it. The image seems to be present as a form outside ourselves in the object and in our mind simultaneously. It is an image which has color and real properties like shape and texture.On Images Senses Philosophy PapersOn ImagesConcrete images are like pictures in the minds imagination which have been transferred from real objects through the eyes. Abstract images also exist in the imagination, but are not easily described or communicated. Both images interplay in various ways as a person experiences emotional, dream and pure thought states of consciousness. Despite the interplay, the two kinds of images do not merge or meld into a third image type as a graduation between the two. Concrete images change, some times drastically. They never become abstract images, however deformed they are. Abstractions are somewhat assumed and exist as spontaneous and at times irrational images in the minds eye. Light, reason, infinity and nothing are examples of abstract images which cannot be given accurate visual representation. Images take on different meanings with regard to language, death, prayer and society or politics but the two types remain distinct. All human beings experience both concrete and abstract imagery. However, the level of ability to think abstractly varies from person to person.For Aristotle, the most important and most enjoyable of the senses is the sense of sight. (1) The human eye receives an image with the use of light. Vision of the physical world outside ourselves occurs as light reflects off objects, passes through the eyes, and presents an image to the mind. It is believed that these images are not unique to any single person because they are communicated and described back and forth, thus weakening the solipsists struggle. In this paper, abstract and concrete images will be defined by way of discussion of the imagination and the mind. Apparently the mind functions in such a way that many images happen without any mechanistic equation to tell us how. The imagination is familiar and so are the images, but it is the wonder and challenge of how they interact that deepens our understanding. It is contended here that the line between the two types of images is stark and obvious, and not a graduation. Images are either concrete or abstract, without any in between. By concrete image we understand a sort of picture present when we are seeing something or as we close our eyes and remember it. The image seems to be present as a form outside ourselves in the object and in our mind simultaneously. It is an image which has color and real properties like shape and texture.

Drivers Essay -- essays research papers

DriversTrying to sort out what type of driver a person might be is an extremely challenge task. In a person&8217s own mind, they think they are the aggressive type of driver, or the cautious type, but no one lead ever admit that they are the &8220I got my license in a cracker jacks box driver. The only fact that is certain about a person is they are never always aggressive or cautious while they drive. A person&8217s driving type varies from time, place, and, the most grand reason, their attitudes affect one&8217s driving style. The roads today are filled with all types of drivers, but one of the worst drivers is the hot shot or aggressive drivers. All the time, day after day, people encounter these maniacs, who drive like they think they are invincible. The short period of time that I return been driving, I have encountered some crazy drivers. The first hotshot driver I saw, was actually two teens who were drag racing down the streets going ninety mph or faster. While they were racing, one of the two cars was actually driving on the opposite lane. Other experiences I have encountered were a high operation bike that was weaving in and out of cars just because he didn&8217t want to stop. This biker was going real fast for what he was doing he reminded me of a overcharge chasing a robber movie of just how fast the bike was ...

Tuesday, May 28, 2019

Baldwin and the Nation of Islam Essay examples -- James Baldwin

Baldwin and the earth of Islam The Nation of Islam impacted many African American mass during its time. This Black Muslim nation non only requested, that demanded and required basic teachings which included racial separation, snow-clad devilry, and the coming Armageddon. None of these basic teachings supported James Baldwins perceptions. It was Baldwins posture of pitying the white man for their lack of not being able to see through the color line and to embrace differences that whites and blacks held together to create a let on, inexorable, and supreme nation. The Nation of Islam felt no pity for the whites or, as they would call them, devils. Neither would the Muslims embrace their differences from other races, but actually want to keep them divided. Although Baldwin is not confident as to where or to whom he belongs to, Baldwin is certain that a black nation separated from all other races will only separate blacks from the rising of a better nation and keep them from further developing as a community. Born in Georgia, the leader of the Nation of Islam was a man named Elijah Muhammad. He has often been envisioned as a saint by his peers, but during World War II, Elijah Muhammad expressed support for Japan, on the basis of its being a nonwhite country, and was jailed for sedition. On August 24, 1946 Muhammad was released from prison in Milan, Michigan. According to the journal named The Black Scholar by Claude Clegg, Muhammads time at Milan had done more for him than ever earlier and after his release, Muhammad had unquestionably become the premier martyr of the Muslims (Clegg 49). From his speeches on the radio and in newspapers, Muhammad was also thought of by many people as a fierce man, one of thes... ...munity can arise. Baldwin believes that our own separate houses are burning at the stake and asks himself do I really want to be integrated into a burning house? (Baldwin 340). It has since been time that we all move int o the anticipating house down the street, and together we can help make its future grow into a bigger and brighter one. kit and boodle CitedKihss, Peter. In Return for Years of Slavery, Four or Five States. New York Times 23 Apr 1961 1.Baldwin, James. Notes of a Native Son. 1955 James Baldwin pile up Essays. Ed. Toni Morrison. New York library of America, 1998. 63-84.Kihss, Peter. Negro Extremist Groups Step Up Nationalist Drive. New York Times 1 March 1961 2.Clegg, Claude Andrew. Rebuilding the Nation The Life and consummation of Elijah Muhammad. 1996 The Black Scholar. Vol. 26 Issue , 49-59. Baldwin and the Nation of Islam Essay examples -- James BaldwinBaldwin and the Nation of Islam The Nation of Islam impacted many African American people during its time. This Black Muslim nation not only requested, but demanded and required basic teachings which included racial separation, white devilry, and the coming Armageddon. None of these basic teachings supported James Baldwins perceptions. It was Baldwins view of pitying the white man for their lack of not being able to see through the color line and to embrace differences that whites and blacks held together to create a better, inexorable, and supreme nation. The Nation of Islam felt no pity for the whites or, as they would call them, devils. Neither would the Muslims embrace their differences from other races, but actually want to keep them divided. Although Baldwin is not confident as to where or to whom he belongs to, Baldwin is certain that a black nation separated from all other races will only separate blacks from the future of a better nation and keep them from further developing as a community. Born in Georgia, the leader of the Nation of Islam was a man named Elijah Muhammad. He has often been portrayed as a saint by his peers, but during World War II, Elijah Muhammad expressed support for Japan, on the basis of its being a nonwh ite country, and was jailed for sedition. On August 24, 1946 Muhammad was released from prison in Milan, Michigan. According to the journal named The Black Scholar by Claude Clegg, Muhammads time at Milan had done more for him than ever before and after his release, Muhammad had unquestionably become the premier martyr of the Muslims (Clegg 49). From his speeches on the radio and in newspapers, Muhammad was also thought of by many people as a fierce man, one of thes... ...munity can arise. Baldwin believes that our own separate houses are burning and asks himself do I really want to be integrated into a burning house? (Baldwin 340). It has since been time that we all move into the anticipating house down the street, and together we can help make its future grow into a bigger and brighter one.Works CitedKihss, Peter. In Return for Years of Slavery, Four or Five States. New York Times 23 Apr 1961 1.Baldwin, James. Notes of a Native Son. 1955 James Baldwin Collected Essays. Ed. Toni Morrison. New York Library of America, 1998. 63-84.Kihss, Peter. Negro Extremist Groups Step Up Nationalist Drive. New York Times 1 March 1961 2.Clegg, Claude Andrew. Rebuilding the Nation The Life and Work of Elijah Muhammad. 1996 The Black Scholar. Vol. 26 Issue , 49-59.

Baldwin and the Nation of Islam Essay examples -- James Baldwin

Baldwin and the nation of Islam The Nation of Islam impacted worldy African American people during its clip. This smutty Muslim landed estate not only requested, but demanded and required basic teachings which included racial separation, white devilry, and the coming Armageddon. None of these basic teachings supported crowd Baldwins perceptions. It was Baldwins view of pitying the white man for their lack of not organism able to see through the color line and to insure differences that whites and blacks held together to fabricate a better, inexorable, and supreme nation. The Nation of Islam felt no pity for the whites or, as they would call them, devils. Neither would the Muslims embrace their differences from other races, but actually want to abide by them divided. Although Baldwin is not confident as to where or to whom he belongs to, Baldwin is certain that a black nation specialised from all other races exit only separate blacks from the future of a better nation and keep them from further developing as a community. Born in Georgia, the leader of the Nation of Islam was a man named Elijah Muhammad. He has often been portrayed as a saint by his peers, but during World War II, Elijah Muhammad expressed support for Japan, on the basis of its being a nonwhite country, and was jailed for sedition. On August 24, 1946 Muhammad was released from prison in Milan, Michigan. According to the journal named The Black Scholar by Claude Clegg, Muhammads time at Milan had dissemble more for him than ever before and after his release, Muhammad had unquestionably become the premier martyr of the Muslims (Clegg 49). From his speeches on the radio and in newspapers, Muhammad was also conceit of by many people as a fierce man, one of thes... ...munity can arise. Baldwin believes that our own separate houses are burning and asks himself do I really want to be integrated into a burning house? (Baldwin 340). It has since been time that we all move into the anticipating house down the street, and together we can help make its future put up into a bigger and brighter one.Works CitedKihss, Peter. In Return for Years of Slavery, Four or Five States. New York Times 23 Apr 1961 1.Baldwin, crowd together. Notes of a Native Son. 1955 James Baldwin Collected Essays. Ed. Toni Morrison. New York Library of America, 1998. 63-84.Kihss, Peter. Negro Extremist Groups Step Up Nationalist Drive. New York Times 1 March 1961 2.Clegg, Claude Andrew. reconstruct the Nation The spiritedness and Work of Elijah Muhammad. 1996 The Black Scholar. Vol. 26 Issue , 49-59. Baldwin and the Nation of Islam Essay examples -- James BaldwinBaldwin and the Nation of Islam The Nation of Islam impacted many African American people during its time. This Black Muslim nation not only requested, but demanded and required basic teachings which included racial separation, white devilry, and the comin g Armageddon. None of these basic teachings supported James Baldwins perceptions. It was Baldwins view of pitying the white man for their lack of not being able to see through the color line and to embrace differences that whites and blacks held together to create a better, inexorable, and supreme nation. The Nation of Islam felt no pity for the whites or, as they would call them, devils. Neither would the Muslims embrace their differences from other races, but actually want to keep them divided. Although Baldwin is not confident as to where or to whom he belongs to, Baldwin is certain that a black nation separated from all other races will only separate blacks from the future of a better nation and keep them from further developing as a community. Born in Georgia, the leader of the Nation of Islam was a man named Elijah Muhammad. He has often been portrayed as a saint by his peers, but during World War II, Elijah Muhammad expressed support for Japan, on the basis of its being a nonwhite country, and was jailed for sedition. On August 24, 1946 Muhammad was released from prison in Milan, Michigan. According to the journal named The Black Scholar by Claude Clegg, Muhammads time at Milan had done more for him than ever before and after his release, Muhammad had unquestionably become the premier martyr of the Muslims (Clegg 49). From his speeches on the radio and in newspapers, Muhammad was also thought of by many people as a fierce man, one of thes... ...munity can arise. Baldwin believes that our own separate houses are burning and asks himself do I really want to be integrated into a burning house? (Baldwin 340). It has since been time that we all move into the anticipating house down the street, and together we can help make its future grow into a bigger and brighter one.Works CitedKihss, Peter. In Return for Years of Slavery, Four or Five States. New York Times 23 Apr 1961 1.Baldwin, James. Notes of a Native Son. 1955 James Baldwin Coll ected Essays. Ed. Toni Morrison. New York Library of America, 1998. 63-84.Kihss, Peter. Negro Extremist Groups Step Up Nationalist Drive. New York Times 1 March 1961 2.Clegg, Claude Andrew. Rebuilding the Nation The Life and Work of Elijah Muhammad. 1996 The Black Scholar. Vol. 26 Issue , 49-59.

Monday, May 27, 2019

“Changes” by Tupac Shakur Essay

The song that I chose to analyze is Changes by Tupac Shakur. The late Tupac Shakur was an African American rapper who was shot dead years ago. His powerful lyrics have impacted the rap industry to this day, because he spoke the truth. His lyrics directly related to his everyday struggles, and how organism a successful African American is not an easy task to achieve. Rap usually duologue nearly events of everyday life, and the song Changes talks about racial profiling, poverty, and how racism affects the everyday life of African American people. Note that this song came out in about 1996 where things were different, however the lyrics of this song still hoop in the ears of people who ar affected by the evil of racism.The song starts off with the line I see no changes. The changes I believe he is referring are the changes that supposedly occurred after the Civil Rights Movement. My interpretation of what Tupac says is that, even though African American people are supposed to have m ore freedoms since the movement, he doesnt see many changes at all. In the first stanza Tupac talks about how the police do not really care about the bleak man, and that no one is going to help them but themselves. They need to start looking out for each other instead of killing each other. He talks about how no one cares that drugs and guns are being brought into the receives of African Americans everyday, and that when they die its just one less hungry mouth on the public assistance.The second stanza starts off with I see no changes. All I see is racist faces. This conveys the same thing I stated earlier. There are not many changes that have been made, and people are still just as racist as they were. He also talks about how the volume of the people in jail are blacks, but that is because they keep doing the things that are putting them there. They have no other way to get money, so they revive to selling drugs. He realizes that this is the reason African Americans are not su cceeding but there is nothing else they can do. At the end of the stanza he states this clearly when he says Well hey, well thats the way it is.In the final stanza, Tupac finally tries to convey that changes really do need to be made. He says Its time for us a people to start makin somechanges. Lets change the way we eat, lets change the way we live He is trying to tell the people of the African American community that there is hope. The way that his people have been trying to survive has not been working, so he says You see the old way wasnt working so its on us to dowhat we gotta do, to survive. He then talks about how he wants peace in the streets. He then calls for a war on poverty, instead of on drugs. He lets the people know that if they do see a successful black man, they will be jealous, but if they get that money the right way the cops will not be satisfactory to do anything about it. He ends the song by saying, as long as he is black he is going to stay strapped, which m eans that no matter what he does he is going to have to protect himself in someway, because someone is always going to be out to get him because of the color of his skin.

Sunday, May 26, 2019

A Clean Well-Lighted Place

A Clean Well-Lighted Place is among one of the military many literary masterpieces of acclaimed writer, Ernest Hemingway. It is very partingistic of his writing style that contains deeper undertones than how they are presented. It suggests more complex meanings and perceptions roughly universal subjects like life and religion and may possibly be reflective of Hemingways life in particular.This is a story about three characters who were in a cafe and have exchanged a few dialogues. The ease of how the story was written and its short length definitely stirs the emotions of the readers. It cultivates interest on the concealed meanings in the different exchanges and manner of the characters. It may seem somewhat faint and does not elaborate on the details devising it all the more enticing as such(prenominal) as it is frustrating.Take for example, details which concerns the aging customer. Not much detail with regards to his act of committing suicide was included. Information on t he reasons why he lost his wife was also omitted which might have been very useful in interpreting the mans reasons for doing an act that would end his life. This deliberate attempt by the author to conceal some points in the story keeps the reader in question about the authorial intention behind this presentation.In the analysis of the storys writing style, one can assume that the authorial purpose in his work is to amplify a authoritative idea that will contribute to the fullness of the storys theme. It aims to invite a sense of introspection that is important in understanding the concept of the story as thoroughly as looking within to futher perform the truthfulness of the storys relevance when applied to real life.Though the characters are only minimal, they are very much representative of the grouping that the author would like to emphasize. The old man as well as the older waiter represents the older generation and the spring chicken waiter is characteristic of the young generation. Both the waiters are having a conversation referring to the old man that is their customer.They are both referring to something that everyone will have to undergo old age. Their different views and thoughts about the old man is different and contrasting, like the idea that the old waiter presented. He says that a wife would do the old man good which the younger waiter disagrees to. The old waiter also shows compassion and patience to the old man and even arguing with the young waiter about letting the old man extend.The young waiter reacts as would young persons usually do, be irritable and make rude remarks about the old man which they do not realize will be an eventuality for them in the future. The older waiter on the other hand, probably realizing that he is aged as well, exhibits a more exclamatory manner when it comes to the old man. As the story develops, the characters also develop in a sense that contributes to the theme of the story.The old waiter soon evolv es into a character very similar to the old man. The turning point of his character was when he said the following lines, Each night I am reluctant to cobblers last up because there may be some one who subscribe tos the caf.This act of generosity simply shows that he can relate to all those who need refuge during the night and those who need a clean and well-lit place to stay. This is also evident in his act to mask his real problem by making himself believe that he has insomnia which a lot of people suffer from. He intends to make it seem that he is suffering from something that is common instead of suffering from a deeper ailment of the heart and the emotions.

Saturday, May 25, 2019

Discussion Questions Essay

2. How do data from qualitative research differ from data in quantitative research?A quantitative research interrogatory is an interrogative sentence that asks a question about the relation that exists between two or more variables. Its purpose is to identify the variables being investigated and to specify the typesetters case of family, descriptive, predictive, or causal, being investigated. A qualitative research question asks a question about around process, issue, or phenomenon that is to be explored.5. Assume you are a manufacturer of small kitchen electrics, like Hamilton Beach/Proctor Silex, and you want to determine if some innovative designs with unusual shapes and colors developed for the European market could be happyly marketed in the U.S. market. What qualitative research would you recommend, and why?The US market is very complex and extremely different than the European markets. I would employ a combination of interviews and focus groups. The interviews would allow the researches the opportunity to go deeper in the ca spends and effects of the choices that the consumers choose. This will enhance the data and information to allow the engineers to review the surveys in order of battle to see if the concepts are true. 7. What dilemma does HealthPlus face, and why has the company turned to focus groups for insights?From the readings, I read that Healthplus had a dilemma that was like wellpositioned given the maturation concern over rampant obesity, especially among youth. .HealthPlus was right when it surmised that consumers are skeptical that something healthy can buoy taste good. They also learned that there are some triggers they can use for their advertising to get people to eat healthy. The company turned to focus groups to get information on preliminary analysis on the focus group transcript content so that they can get their surveys back quicker to see what they can fix in the first place sending out to consumers.Chapter 81. Compare th e advantages and disadvantages of the survey to those of observation. Under which circumstances could you make a case for using observation?The primary advantage to a survey over that of an observation study deals with the actual collection of data. With a survey the data collected is normally known and often is directed to specialised answers due to the survey format where observational studies collect data in a haphazard way. However, observation can be a useful dent in certain situations. contemplation is a very useful tool when the study must be concealed from the participants. In this manner someone can observe and the participants do not know they are involved in a study. This does gratuity an ethical dilemma but often is required for successful data collection and study.2. What ethical risks are involved in observation? In the use of unobtrusive measures?Any observations that involve individuals who are unaware present ethical concerns. Individuals in observation studies that use unobtrusive measures can be sneaky. Meaning the study can be concealed from those involved without their approval. For example, studies that make use of one way mirrors, hidden cameras, hidden microphones, etc.5. The observerparticipant relationship is an important consideration in thedesign of observation studies. What kind of relationship would you recommend in each of the following cases?a. Observations of professional conduct in the classroom by the student author of a course evaluation guide. leaseb. Observation of retail shoppers by a researcher who is interested in determining customer purchase time by type of goods purchased. Concealmentc. Observation of a focus group interview by a client.Indirectd. Effectiveness of individual farm worker organizers in their efforts to organize employees of grape growers. elaborateness

Friday, May 24, 2019

A Minimum Of Two A Short Story English Literature Essay

Minimum of two is a aggregation of short narratives written by Australian author Tim Winton. He writes his narratives in different localizations such as first and 3rd individual, chiefly for the reader to experience the narrative more in deepness. The book features 14 short narratives which are Forest Winter, No keeping Comes, Gravity, The Water was Dark and it went everlastingly down, Nislam s Friend, Minimum of two, Distant Lands, Laps, Bay of Angels, The strong 1. Keeping, More, Death belongs to the dead his male boot told him and unhappiness to the sad and ultimately Blood and H2O. Throughout all of these narratives there is relevant injury for past events, coming to an result of growing in either a positive or negative manner.The short narrative that in my sentiment is the most powerful in respects to distress and growing is the narrative Minimum of two . It s written in first individual position of the hubby ( Neil ) . This is a deep narrative about a married adult p istillate called Greta acquiring raped by a senior in her section by the name of Fred Blakey. He is taken to tribunal by Greta and Neil and is sentenced to 5 old ages immurement but for Neil this is non plenty because he went through ample agony through the recovery of Greta in the manner that she did non desire to be intimate with him because she was exquisite as expected after being raped.With this issue, Neil decides to take affairs in his ain custodies and contemplates killing Blakey when he gets released, he tells his friend Tony Mitchell that he will be reservation this. Mitchell does nt hold with what Neil wants to make, but Neil does nt listen to him and ends up killing Blakey when he got out. His scruples so catches up with him and he so feels like the most atrocious individual, stating that he feels that he was a dead adult male .The chief injury in this narrative is the colza of Greta by Fred Blakey, this is chiefly trauma from Greta as she becomes sensitive and does nt acquire intimate with Neil, this is besides a traumatic for him, and this is shown in the manner he writes about his feelings. It seems like her familiarity with him is a great thing for him doing this narrative traumatic for both Neil and Greta. In the stoping Neil putting to deaths Blakey and comes to a negative growing of feeling sorry for himself, every bit good as losing his best friend Tony Mitchell.The chase narrative that showed injuries and growing is the narrative called Distant Lands . It s written in the 3rd individual position. This short narrative is about an fleshy adult female working at her male parent s newsagency. This adult female is called Fat Maz she was teased and tormented through high school and besides was non support really good by her parents, they besides treated her as if they did nt cognize her or that she was nt their girl.There was a twenty-four hours though that changed her life, a alien Pakistani adult male comes into the newsagency, and o pens the book Distant Lands has a glimpse and leaves. As she goes to inspect the book she realises the endorsement stating You will desire this book neer to get by after she reads the endorsement she is interested in reading the book, as she is reading it the Pakistani adult male comes into the newsagency one time once more and this set re-opening Distant Lands and smiling at Fat Maz, he gives her money and some assurance to go forth her refuse bloodline assisting at her male parent s newsagencyThe injury in this narrative is chiefly from Fat Maz s life, how she had been teased all in high school and even at invest with her parents she was nt treated nicely. The growing coming from this is positive when a cryptic Pakistani adult male comes in and gives her money and assurance to go forth her occupation at the newsagency.Another narrative that had trauma with growing coming as an result is the narrative Laps . This narrative written in the 3rd individual position is about a immature adult female by the name of Queenie that has flashbacks of her childhood, and her gramps when he was alive as she swims laps through a pool.She is new to Perth, and she is someways reminded of her gramps and the whaling undertakings from her childhood and she is haunted by these ideas. She so gathers plenty bravery to travel back to her place town to undertake her yesteryear, and so be fit to travel on with her life.The injury from this narrative is the flashbacks that Queenie get from her troubled childhood she see s these atrocious flashbacks when swimming as swimming reminded her of an earlier prison term of her life. The growing gathered from this narrative is that Queenie had the bravery to travel back to her place town and kind out her jobs so that she is now able to populate a new life in Perth with no haunting flashbacks.Tim Winton is a gifted author with allot of creativeness shown in this aggregation of Minimum of two . He has the ability to compose approx imately difficult injury, but besides an result of growing. The three narratives chosen for this essay ( Minimum of two, Distant Lands and Laps ) are all illustrations of how he can convey growing out of injury. In decision this aggregation of short narratives by Tim Winton is truly traveling to the reader, as he brings non merely trauma but growing out of each narrative.

Thursday, May 23, 2019

Trojan Ad

Magazine adverts spend millions of dollars each year in order to develop ideas to convey their heart or to treat their products in straight offs society. The many different gulls and values in society lead to various marketing ideas that transfix the attention of many single(a)s, otherwise known as, the consumers. It is important to remember that the diverse preferences of the audience are taken into consideration when devising a marketing plan that would appeal to a wide range of people. Trojan, a company that focuses on the sale of contraceptives, spends millions of dollars each year to sell their products.In their most current advertising campaign, Trojan is trying to sell their rawest set of condom, Evolve. For this particular campaign, the marketing individuals promoting this product decided to show the leavings between men and grunters by implying that men who use Trojan are considered to be square gentlemen while men who do non are regarded as pigs. While it s eems that Trojan is suggesting the capacity of cleanliness by the usage of their condom, nonetheless, they themselves are not clean because of the message that they are conveying.The message behind the Evolve advertisement is to show the perceptions of men when they use or do not use Trojan brand condoms. The message behind this advertisement is to show that if a male uses their brand name condoms, he is considered as a clean and respectable individual, unlike a pig, which is ordinarily associated with dirtiness. The different characters in this campaign reveal the hidden meaning that the use of Trojan brand condoms would not damage or ruin a mans reputation of being honorable. The setting of the advertisement is placed at a beach, with a rather warm weather thus attracting people to its warmness.The attendance of the beach consists of six feminines, one male, and ten pigs. The females, who are all wearing revealing bathing obliges, are each being prowled by pigs. In the foregr ound, a female is sitting on a folding chair reading a book entitled, No Time for Swine, whilst on her discipline side there is a naked pig which seems to be whispering something into her right ear. Also in the foreground, there is a female trying to invite a natural tan by lying on a towel on the sand, as a naked pig is taking a photograph of her with his cellular phone.Behind her is another female who is preparing to serve a volleyball, and at the same time being watched by two naked pigs. On the go forth middle ground of the advertisement is another female and a naked pig squirting sunscreen onto her back. In the background, a naked pig is move after a female in the water. There are several other naked pigs floating and surfing in the water. One other pig is sitting under an umbrella and spying on the females with a pair of binoculars. The manifestations on each of the irritated and disgusted faces of the females show that the male pigs are not wel succeedd.Finally, in the c enter of the image, there is a couple, a man and a woman, holding hands and walking on the sand. Their backs are facing toward the audience. The major difference between this couple and all the others is because of the female and male relationship. Below the image are the joints Evolve. Use the most trusted name in condoms all time. followed by the logo name, Trojan Brand Condoms. With this representation of their product, what first comes to mind? Most importantly, what is the precise message that Trojan is aiming at the audience with their advertisement?Trojan is portraying society and media in all stereotypes. As will be mentioned, Trojan is revealing the idea and image of a perfect body type. Their view of a perfect and beauteous person is portrayed in their advertisement as tall and skinny. Trojan portrays their consumers as only beautiful, when in fact todays society consists of all shapes and body sizes. Trojan is promoting the idea that sex sells, by exploiting the women as objects of sexual behaviors, and promoting the idea of sex itself. They assume that their consumers all plunge in sexual behaviors and therefore are required to purchase their product.They in any case assume that once you use their product, the male will gain the trust of the female. However, numerous interpretations can be drawn from this description of their advertisement. Is Trojan aiming to promote the usage of their condom, Evolve? Or are they exploiting women by way of life of their representation in the advertisement? Are men really evolved after the usage of their product? Each of these questions can be answered with multiple analyses. First of all, the advertisement portrays men as pigs if they do not use Trojan condoms.This can be seen by the representation of only one male versus the ten pigs in the whole of the image. The connotation of the word pig suggests that they are soggy, fat, lazy, perverted, and irresponsible. This is contradictory of the view of man, wh om in this advertisement, is portrayed as clean, handsome, masculine, sociable, and responsible. Compared to the pigs, the man is welcomed and accepted by the female. The pleasant and content face of the female suggests that she is comfortable with holding hands with the male and welcomes his presence.The other females in this campaign take a crap a miserable facial expression because they have a dirty, perverted pig prowling next to them and invading their personal space. The word swine from the title of the book, No Time for Swine, refers to stout and short-legged animals such as pigs. The title suggests that the female is not interested in committing her time to that type of person. She is more willing to spend her time with a real man, such as the one on the upside of the book. However, it is instinctual for the viewer to compare and contrast man and pig at first glance.What if the man in the advertisement encompasses the same intentions as the pig? Is it possible to chip off the idea of a dirty sexual being to a separate and thoughtful individual? Another observation that can be made round this campaign is the manner in which the marketing individuals represent the women. The purpose of the women is to exploit them for the intention of the objectification of the product. Each female is wearing a revealing bathing suit in order to be used as an object to absorb the viewers in.The woman who is trying to get a tan is in a position that is similar to when one is preparing for sexual intercourse which gives the image of tenderness and readiness. Also, the female seems to be pulling on the knot of her bikini bottom, which gives the impression that she is establish to take them off. The woman who is being squirted with lotion by another pig also gives the impression of a sexual act, such as ejaculation. The facial expression that is being displayed on her face tells us that what the pig is doing is considered as revolting and unwanted.This represents a male who has discharged on a female when he did not use a condom therefore the male is unable to protect her and is considered to be a pig instead of a man. The women epitomize the idea of prophylactic sex. From previous observations, the women are discontent with the beings around them. The females do not trust the pigs because the pigs are not safe. In this case, not being safe means not using their condom. This brings in the question of the trustfulness of man and the product itself. A man who chooses to use a condom shows that he can be trusted and is believed to be responsible.The words that appear on this advertisement Evolve. Use the most trusted name in condoms every time. is declaring a statement that if an individual uses condom, Evolve by Trojan, then he will be evolved from a pig to a man and is trusted. This infers that if you use the trusted name brand of condoms then women would be willing to entrust them with themselves. The thought that they will be safe and unharmed from any type of sexually transmitted diseases makes the woman intent protected. However, the representation of the advertisement comes into question.If their product is most trusted, what is the validity in their product when they portray women and men in such a manner? As it can be seen in the advertisement, the women and man portrayed here are all considered to be beautiful, according to todays standards. All of the females and male have approximately the same body shape and type, tall and skinny. Although the initial impression of the advertisement asserts the idea of becoming a beautiful being, Trojan also seems to be only marketing to a certain type of people. This conveys a message to the viewers that only people who are beautiful are allowed to use this product.Men, who are stout-like and short, as conveyed through the pigs, are not considered as real men who do use condoms. Consequently, this advertisement exposes the idea of body image only beautiful people use the Trojan condoms. If Trojan portrays man as an animal, then it shows the implication that Trojan themselves have not yet evolved from their ideas. If they are able to come up with ideas such as these to convey to the audience, it shows that they have not yet evolved from being a thoughtless seller to a more evolved inventor to capture the attention of their consumers.Their idea of marketing to the audience is by using the theme of sex sells. If we are able to transform from such implications and move on to new ideas that better portrays society, then we are able to evolve into a new level. Every day, many industries are trying to develop new ideas to convey their messages or to sell their products to the consumers in the market. Some of these advertisements are sold to numerous magazines and television stations. Whoever the viewers may be, they all range from different ages, cultures, and body types.In order for a company to be considered as evolved, such as understanding their own view and also the consumers view, they first have to discover their reasons as to why and whom they are portraying their message to. They have to first realize that their promotion will not be judged on a first look, but also pertaining to its hidden significance. If they claim their product is a certain way, such as Trojan has claimed, then they should be responsible to uphold their reputation as a well as to how they have portrayed their advertisement as a whole.

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

Role of Marketing in the Non-Business Environment

October 2012 -Role of Marketing in the non-business environment since article widening the Concept of Marketing by Philip Kotler and Sidney J. Levy was published in 1969 Written by Anthony Chi Yuen CHAN 1 Abstract Social sparing increase over the past 40 years has been drastic over the world. From 1970 to 2010, orbiculate GDP has grown over 20 times from 3,288 billion USD to 63,064 billion USDi. presidential term consumption expenditure per capita increased from 140 USD to 1,640 USD on global bases. In well developed countries and economic zone (like UKii and EU), ocial protection, general human beings serve, health c atomic number 18, education, and national and public order and safety account for over 70% of political science total spending. cause the increase of spending in the public sector? What had been changed to While large amount of money had been spent, what has changed in the public sector to procure the effectiveness of spending? Private sector managerial techniqu es, practices and orientations, market strategies and dimensions helped shaping the evolution of public management to be more efficiently and effectively.The purpose of this story is to state specific practice sessions of the adaptation of market management strategies and tactics at the selected beas of public function. Particular case will illustrate how STP, 4Ps, and 3Ps adopted in the decision making process. Understanding the background of social evolution, we will examine how demographic and economic improvement has driven these marketing strategies in these civil services in Hong Kong over the past 40 years. IntroductionE really organization, private sector or public services alike, depend greatly on marketing strategies and talk to throw out their goods and services. Hong Kong government has evolved its public communication from minimum interaction to highly involvement in planning, researching, consulting, implementing of the mod regulations and policies. The obj ectives are obvious, better execution, greater acceptance, less rebellious toward administrative power. later on Second World War, Hong Kong was governed by British system.One will not be surprised to learn Hong Kong transformation from a small fishing liquidation to a modern business and manufacturing city was greatly benefited by immigrating many British public services and social management policies and experiences. At the beginning of the compound rule, many of the establishment and policies were employ through a direct top down approach. British Government at the U. K. assigned Governor to Hong Kong to decide and implemented all policies across the society. Minimum communication was noted from the Government for promotion of parvenue policies. ommunication. External limitation also put barriers to effective At the 1950s social communication media was very limited. The lack of basic formal communication tools like newspaper and radio broadcasting was one of the challenges at the beginning. General commonwealth literacy was low also accounted for limitation of communication. As society improved, education level has risen, government new policies were demanded to be explained and rationalized before implementation. Modern government communications fool to utilizing all available tradition and modern media. Advertising through multi-lingual newspaper, prime time television advertising at television, radio broadcasting with advertisement and gossip shows public transportation exterior/interior advertising mobile phone messaging smart phone application internet media (blogs facebook twitters government web sites etc) are fully utilized to let government communication reaching complicated social incisions. Likewise, the internet age of marketing communication channels also promote faster and direct general public feedback be reverted to the concerned government bodies.Privatization of some public services, like parks and garden management, public area hy giene, and airport security management of non-critical zone etc. , influenced the image of quality services. Service privatization also has a reverse influence back to Government to review marketing strategies. As a result, Hong Kong civil service activities are managed through a more business-like management structure, and commercial marketing strategy and tactics becoming more evidence. We will examine various examples of Government policies and activities where marketing management philosophies are adopted.Mandatory Provident Fund (MPF) Marketing as strategy (STP) While social and economic development enriched, modern social needs becoming complicated, deeper to percentage points, and towards yen term stability. Majority of world has their basic humanity needs satisfied, the Government started to consider long term social protection. Mandatory Provident Fund (MPF) is designed for men to plan for retirement life. Before the implication of the MPF System, only about one-third of the Hong Kong workforce had some form retirement protection.From a marketing strategy point of view, MPF program identified the need for retirement pitch for all workforces. Therefore, any employee, no matter full time or causal, at the age between 18 to 65 is included in the segment. The main target groups inwardly this segment are those employee who has no experience nor has knowledge to establish his/her own retirement saving program with financial institutes. Therefore, it is required by law to join imperative retirement saving plan for a minimum saving level per month. For employee who are not in the main target (i. e. apable and willing to contribute more than the minimum saving level), the MPF program has the flexibility to allow non-target group contributors to put extra money to the mandatory saving level. MPF is a financial saving services that position itself as mass population at a monthly affordable contribution rat e. There are similar retirement saving options offered by other financial institutions, but most of them are not targeting mass market. A series of TV commercial were made and aired (for example http//www. youtube. com/watch? v=-DcC1pccSTM) for the promotion of MPF.In the video, it is clearly illustrated the segment, target, and position of this program. Intangible (services) vs Tangible (physical) 4Ps Products man management is traditionally considered to be a service lie sector, and therefore offering intangible products. Public security, national health, emergency assistance, education, 3 and legal justice, just to name a few, are critical services provided by public administrators. Public administration also provides tangible products such as subsided house, government publication, municipal water supply, and landed estate sale etc.Public Housing Strategy 4Ps Price Hong Kong Housing Society and Hong Kong Housing Authority offer government subsidized housing for particular population segment. Because of the complexity of housing demand and affordability, Government designed four major types of subsidized housing programs. All of these public and subsidized housing program are targeted to different user groups, and are positioned very differently. Each of the program also has different level of discount rate, either for sale or for rent, when compare with free market value. ange of restraints and eligibility criteria. Users are generally subjected to a Each of the pricing structure is evaluated based on target group income and affordability. Market researches are done, and public hearing is held before program reveal to public. Public housing prices are designed to balance user affordability and at the comparable time protect open market housing prices stability. Below are the tercet four main housing schemet . ? Home Ownership Scheme estates are subsidized sale-to-public housing estates for low-income residents.They are usually built adjacent to or within Public Rental Housing and nearly ide ntical in construction. They are managed by the Hong Kong Housing Authority and are earmarked for sale to low-income qualifiers at prices which are heavy discounted from market value, and the land value is similarly subsidized. The mortgage and resale of these units in the second-hand market are likewise restricted to eligible low-income residents. Within a public housing estate development, some blocks may be designated by the Authority exclusively for rental while others may be earmarked for sale. ?Tenants Purchase Scheme allows existing tenants in the rented public housing program to purchase their flats. The sale prices are set around 50% to 60% lower than the market prices of private flats due to subsidies and restriction on selling. ? Flat-for-Sale Scheme allows flats at a lower place the scheme for sale at concessionary price. ? Sandwich Class Housing Scheme estates were built for sale to lower-middle and middle-income residents, known as the get up class, who did not qual ify for low-income public housing in the Home Ownership Scheme but still had trouble affording private housing.The quality and market office of Sandwich Class Housing were significantly higher than public housing estates and comparable to some middle-class private developments. These units were sold at levels that were slightly under market value and came with a five-year resale restriction. prop up development as new source 4Ps Place Hong Kong has land size at 1,100 square kilometers, and population grown from four million in 4 1970 to 7. 2 million in 2010. That makes Hong Kong one of the most densely populated city in the world. Hong Kong Land Department holds one of the most scared resources, land.Urban development and local economic highly depend on availability of land sales. Therefore, promotion and marketing communication of land planning become increasingly important over years. Private sectors as well as general citizen concern about future new land supply as well as t imeworn redevelopment zone. Land development as well as land source of land affects property prices, and the urbanization development planiv. One good recent example is the Geotechnical Engineering Department confirms the technical capability of underground land and cavern for new source of land.This marks a new era for the possible new place for future property market and industrial zone development. The GED makes use of gip video to promote new land supply idea (see endnotes hyper link)v. Crime prevention 4Ps Promotion practice of law force goals and objective sport dramatically changed for the last four decades from mainly law enforcement performance to equally emphasizing the importance of crime prevention. Study curb shown in different agricultural that increase of police force does not necessary reverse proportion to the number of crime. i Therefore, a lot of marketing and promotion effort have been dedicated to home security design, drug abuse prevention, internet cri me awareness, and police force recruitmentvii, proper automobile driving technique etc. As social and communication media develops and widened, communication channels broadened from traditional newspaper advertising to internet social platform such as police force websiteviii, facebook, youtube, tweeter, word forum, to personal contact like public relationship division within the police force.Public sector personal and organizational marketing 3Ps People After the transfer of sovereignty to People Republic of China, Hong Kong government organization and management became increasing transparent. Hong Kong resident has increasing interest of government departmental leadershiphip, and government operation efficiency. Compare to forty years ago, when Hong Kong was still under British colonial rule, the Governor, Executive Council, Legislative Council, as well as most public politician were all appointed by the Government.Democratic election slowly started in the 1980s for local dis trict representatives and a portion of Legislative Council. Personal marketing in the public services became more and more importantix. Two examples are the recent Legislative Council (LECO) Election, and Hong Kong Special Administration Region Chief Executive Election. LECO election is an open democratic election for all qualified citizen. Competitions are big between candidates, and are compared based on their experiences, past contribution to the society, and related political fellowships reputation. Education system reform progress 3Ps Process While every spot light falls onto the people, in the public sector, the eventual(prenominal) goal for a government is to implement set policies and procedures. Taking for example, the Education Department just recently introduced a new secondary and territorial give instruction system in Hong Kong. The new system revised the seven years secondary schooling to six years, but extending the normal three years under graduate programmes to four years. New Product (Education System) Development Strategy was use. The education ureau made use of product development concept of idea generation, preliminary analysis, detail investigation and research, planning and development, communication, testing, implementation, and auditing cycle. x xi The result was a smoother implementation, better acceptance by education institutions, students, parents, and prevented political instability in case of adverse situation. Conclusion Social, economic, political, and education development evolves over time. Citizens are demanding more frequent, closer, deeper, and highly transparent participation in public administration.Therefore, non-business organization like public administration and political management spend more resources (time, man power, and money) at the early stage of new social policy development. Citizens are defined as customers or end user in the public administration model. Because of the rising demand by the customers fo r better involvement during the course of public administration, and, at the same time, administrators wants to have higher chance of success and sustainability of new policy, customers involvement of the early part of Stage-gate Processing becoming evident, which is in contrast with public policy development four decades ago.American Marketing Association (AMA) who defines Marketing for its members, have also renew the commentary to suit with the ever changing environment. In the letter from Mike Lotti and put one over Lehmann, Chairperson of the Board and Committee Chair of AMA, subjected New Definition of Marketing dated December 2007, Lotti and Lehmann said (the new definition of) Marketing is regarded as an military action instead of a function and positions marketing as a broader activity in a company/organization, and not just a department.The new definition also positions marketing as providing long term value rather than narrowly as an exchange of money (short-term) for the benefit of the shareholder/organization. dozen European marketing community also published similar notion a few years earlier than its US counterpart, defining that long-term customer relationships are considered as the cornerstone of marketingxiii. This is in line with modern public administrators objective, that is to satisfy the needs of different segments and targets of citizens.It is worth to note that this paper is not to press marketing management strategies, tactics, and concepts in public sector did not exist in Hong Kong at the early years. As a matter of the facts, in the 60s and 70s, Government have organized activities to understand customer (local residents) 6 needs related to long term social development plan and pre-execution hearing sessions with local leaders and legislators, but only at a lot less formal and structured as the society currently established. In response to Levy and Kotlers article, DavidJ.Luck had argued that marketing strategies and activitie s had been in used in various government activities before Kotler and Levys article was publishedxiv. When social, economic, and political reforms continue, society should expect to see marketing activities in non-business organization, particularly for public administration sector, to continue evolves alongside with modern marketing management methologies. i Ivan Kushnirs Research Center, kushnirs. org rd ii UK Public expenditure since 1963, Simon Rogers, 3 June 2012, guardian. o. uk iii Milestones Hong Kong Housing Society Housing Price, Land Supply and Revenue from Land Sales, Raymond Y. C. Tse, 2012 v Enhanced use of underground space in Hong Kong, Geotechnical Engineering Department, http//www. youtube. com/watch? v=jZ_IX0KocNk&list=UUi4fX-nEJseYhlAuY4DJ0wQ&index=7&feature=pl cp vi Law Enforcement Marketing Perceptions of a police force, Peter Bohan, 1987. vii Hong Kong Police http//www. youtube. com/watch? v=ckDWtaWNHo0 viii Hong Kong Police http//www. police. gov. hk/ppp_en/ index. tml ix After ten years of transfer of sovereignty political stability and reform in Hong Kong, Jermain T. M. Lam, 2008 x Stage-gate systems a new tool for managing new products, Robert G. Cooper, 1990 xi Marketing in the public sector Inappropriate or merely difficult? Peter Graham, 2010 xii th AMA Definition of Marketing Mike Lotti and Don Lehmann, December 17 , 2007 xiii Defining Marketing A market-Oriented Approach Christian Gronroos, 1989 xiv Broadening the Concept of Marketing. Too Far David J. Luck, 1969 iv 7

Tuesday, May 21, 2019

Architecture and Environment Paper Essay

computer computer architecture and the environment help to shape one another(prenominal) so they essential be describe together. To build architecture constructors take from the environment but both architecture and the environment serve the people of the world. To fully understand the interactions of architecture, the environment, and the effects of each on serviceman behavior one must view as variables of one whole.The Impact Physical Structures have on Human BehaviorIt only takes visiting a beautiful place equal a Maine border light house, a Scottish castle, or a villa in Greece to feel the profound postulates it has on ones kind condition. Worries are melted away and the soul is refreshed. Lighter or brighter spaces tend to increase alertness and compensate guard against depression. Rooms that are intended for relaxation should have dark colors with carpeting and few sharp edges. Low ceilings typically improve focus on detail-oriented tasks where conversely high ceilings i ncrease creativity. Views of character much(prenominal) as trees and open green spaces signifi outhousetly inspire creativity, concentration, and memory. Clearly, it is significant to construct buildings that are lovesome to the needs of a user and should also compensate for ones inability to spend time outside. Certain homophile populations spend more(prenominal) than time indoors than outdoors, which can have an unpropitious effect ones well be, health, and plane comfort. This is why it is so of the essence(predicate) to create indoor environments that suit and meet ones basic needs (Pultar, 1997).Architecture Directing Human BehaviorArchitecture not only influences human action but can also help to direct that action. Research has proven that the way a person lives can affect their social interaction with others. One study showed those who live in apartments that were close to one another were little interested in social interaction surrounding them and had possession o f limited space. The interest for knowing what was al close to them was not present nor the need to share who they are with others. come out of the closets of worship and places of work are perfect examples of how architecture can impact human behavior. Churches specifically use designs and furniture when building a church that leave elicit the appropriate response when the congregation is attending. However, doing this the reverence of the God they want others to understand and know more or less is an exciting learning experience that the people want to continue tocome back and worship at that church. (Bro & Popow, 2000)Environmental Psychological Implications of DesignEveryone is impacted to some degree by building design, so it is to no ones surprise that the involvement of environmental psychology in design is enormous. The way ones surroundings are position can provide either possibilities or limitations. Therefore, when creating any kind of space, it is very significant t o know for what and who will use it. It is important to know where to build, how much space will be needed, and its purpose. The building needs to be matched with his or her user so that the best functionality can be established while meeting trusted criteria such as quality, safety, and performance. Environmental psychological implications of commercial design are being designed these years very often depends on public demands. Without the involvement of the user, a designer will be otiose to construct a building that will meet everyones needs and will pay prudence to aspects such as safety and flexibility. For instance, there are several intentions of a infirmary.A hospital must first provide the right kind of care to its patients but at the same time, it needs to recollect the needs of its employees by providing a sufficient work environment. One of many concerns when designing a hospital is providing the nigh efficient care for patients without sacrificing effective care. Therefore, the layout of a hospital commits greatly the care of a patient. It has been researched that the length between a nurses station and a patients room plays a vital role in the kind of care the patient receives and the speed with which he or she receives it. as well as space, another concern existing in a work environment, such as a hospital, is secretiveness. loneliness is very difficult to be maintained in such an environment and is important for the well being of a patient and staff. It has been acknowledged that short periods of privacy improved the productivity of nurses. At the same time, allowing privacy for patients contributes to more interactions that are social.In addition, the amount of noise, the kind and quantity of light, facility indoor colors, more windows and nicer views, and handiness of gardens are just few of the many features that can improve the well-being of a patient and contribute to better employee productivity (Kesan, 2000). Environmental Ps ychological Implications of Residential Design When constructing aresidential property, it is very important that the design will encourage and best performance to those using this living place. The user is vital in the process of creating a residential layout because he or she will be spending a component of time in this property. Therefore, it is very important that a residential property meets ones needs, is well made, safe, functional, and cost efficient. late research concluded that it is important to create a unity between the built environment and a user because the design of a theatre can affect ones way of living (Tappendorf, 2002).When designing a residential area, one must be aware that he or she is not only creating a building for space but he or she is also producing a place, which must provide residential satisfaction and will help express identity. Space supplies the user with dimensions for living, the needed amount for privacy, and room for others. Place is perso nal individually influenced, and makes one feel at home. Creating a life space requires various implementations and considerations such as where, for whom, and for what purpose the house is built, how to organize the support spaces like the kitchen and bathrooms, and how many and where to place the support systems like lightning, windows, and others. In addition, when organizing a living space, one should decide between an open or closed plan.A closed plan means more divided rooms allowing for more privacy, whereas an open plan allows for more flexibility within a living space but less privacy. In the end, providing a home that is functional and meaningful at the same time will allow the owner to become devoted to it (Tappendorf, 2002). Whatever the decision one makes in his or her residential area, this chance of doing so will most likely change over time. Importance of Architectural Development supporting Sustainable Development conglomerate factors contribute to the importance of architectural development being necessary to support sustainable development. For far in like manner long, this has been not a significant matter because the main focus was to create a higher metre of living, which caused enormous and irreversible damage to the environment.However, with the continuously rising numbers of people on this planet and the change magnitude shortage of natural supplies and resources, the paradigm shifted to make a change. Sustainable building is without question one of the most cost-efficient solutions to reduce the rapidly depleting natural resources and adverse impact on the environment. Clearly, when build anything it is crucial to conceive of about the future andtherefore, the environment. As seen in the past, humanities decisions have impaired the ability to sustain and in some cases done irreversible damage to the environment. Continuing on this path is impossible because it will extirpate the ecosystem for future generations.The ecosystem wi ll be unable to restore itself and make it impossible for future generations to survive on this planet. According to the U.S. Department of Energy constructing and maintaining manmade environment is responsible for half of all greenhouse gas emissions and more than half of annual energy consumption in North America (Moore, 2009). This news is shocking and unimpeachably requires a major change in the way future architecture develops. Fortunately, research agrees and it is progressing to implement more environmentally sound aspects when designing architecture.ConclusionIn conclusion architecture design plays a heavy(p) role as to how humans respond to their surrounding as we know work, school, hospitals, and churches all has its effects on person whether it is the furniture, lighting, colors, or structure. The world buildings are being designed with the given understanding to promote and spark off people to want to remain where they are. Designs are always evolving to match what the environment is putting out.

Monday, May 20, 2019

The Antisocial Urbanism of Le Corbusier

The unsociable Urbanism of Le CorbusierAntisocialism in Social Cities002.png/OutlineSocial versus Antisocial CitiesIntroductionWhat is socialising?Assorted types of SocializingPhases of Socializing by Richard Moreland and John LevineLe Corbusier tidy sum toward capitals and un upgrade able judgmentBodyCharles Fourier and Le Corbusier slew by Peter SerenyiArgument of Charles FourierFourier program in The Social Destiny of humanityitynessWorlds as Social BeingsCartesian method Vs. John LockeGeorg Simmel Individuality and Social signifiersBlaise daddy and Le Corbusier pointless human relation shipsAntisocial aspiration and criminalismAlbert Camus Public and private forceDecisionAntisocial City consequence on heap lifeLewis Mumford political and cultural association as chief subjects in the metropolisJane Jacobs heap need former(a) pileSociable metropolis and its citizens How could a metropolis survive with unsociable symptoms?Social versus Antisocial Cities assimilation is t he process through which a idiosyncratic acquires to bond to an assembly or civilization and act in a means accepted and recognized by this free radical or society. Mentioning to most societal experts, socializing fundamentally expresses the full method of civilization during the life sequence and is a chief inspiration on the public presentation, positions, civilization and activities of all ages. ( Encyclopedia Britannica, 2014 ) Richard Moreland and John Levine ( 1982 ) , proposed a typical method of an assembly enculturation which rely on the statement that people every minute of arc good as groups modify their positions, appraisals and demeanor when interacting through powder magazine. Moreland and Levine propose that an expected classification of stages which arises to let for an single to alter when being portion of a group. They differentiated five stairss of culture which indicate this alteration which ar examination, socialisation, preservation, resocialization, a nd memory. Passing by each degree, people assess each otherwise through which an development or decrease in confidence to socialisation bottom of the inning be reached.Why metropoliss need socialisation speckle being a positive social function? Why do we follow it as a good construct through which people are involved in urban diverseness and chances? Is it indispensable for citizens to mix in their metropolis? These questions normally examined arise the fact that people are non certain more or less the presence of socialisation in their metropolis. Additionally, people can non deny the negative impact on metropoliss that have an unorganised societal life that should be escaped. By analyzing the chief visual image of Le Corbusier toward the metropolis, these inquiries provide be more elucidated. In his Plan Voisin from 1925, his vision involved the proposition of pulverizing the centre of Paris and replace it by towers following a certain power grid without taking into consid eration the bing surrounding and its historical importance in that country of the metropolis. This image is considered a utopic vision shaped to unite adult male with a well-organized environment following certain regulations and guidelines. except, by qualification so, he isolated prosaic flow and paths from the roads and streets by overestimating the car as chief rotating shaft of motion in the metropolis. This vision is no more prefering the societal contact between the metropolis users who are losing the construct of socialisation by concentrating more on the uniformities of the modern metropolis more than the putting green bonds and their bounds. lxx venerable ages of restated unfavorable judgment of Le Corbusier has been revealed refering socialising since he forgot that metropoliss occur to heighten this procedure. Le Corbusier was considered as a negligent and huffy undivided as descri put on by some newsmans. Charles Fourier, the nineteenth-century imaginationl philo sopher was considered at any rate as an highly hopeless, individual, vagabond individual while being compared to Le Corbusier by Peter Serenyi. As a effect, they both detested human society. Actually, the chief statement presented by Charles Fourier is that societal interaction favor the aggressive behaviour among people since they are motivated by their antisocial passions so if they are get to exist together they tend to float apart ( Serenyi, 1967 ) . Fourier suggested in his bookThe Social Destiny of Man( 1808 ) , to divide the society into parts that encompass 16 hundred occupants per mo where each one operate in studios, while populating a big house that he named a phalanstery. The result of each piece is monitored by a specialised director that he named the areopagus, who is as well as responsible for the societal dealingss among the inmates. Subsequently, people willing get mess to kill each other after the inmates be isolated to new phalansteries. Serenyi claims th at this manner of be aftering a society as the program of Fouriers and the urban designs of Le Corbusier is decidedly a huffy manner of believing about society ( Serenyi, 1967 )Zooming in into the architectural graduate table, what qualities shall an single bear in order to be a existent homo being? The dominant answer to this enquiry is that worlds are ab initio societal existences that behave consequently in a societal life in order to carry through their submits. Bing portion of this position, the personality is unsolidified and alterations when combined with human senses and common mechanisms as societal, cultural, and linguistic where everyone articulation ( Richard, 2007 ) this manner of believing contradicts that of Descartes if we are to detect theDiscourse on Method( 1637 ) andMeditations on First Philosophy( 1641 ) , since societal interlock is removed from the procedure of happening truth. For Descartes, our motive to achieve opposite positions is the consequence of u ndependability that we found in when trusting on our senses. The chief intent of this manner of popular opinion is to take people from what they acquired and experienced as old information in order to be able to specify precisely the truth that is rotter each one of us. This purpose is sort of impossible since a individual can non deny the old history and behaviour scene that he used to and that are barricading his ability to acknowledge the kingdom. The most trustingly truth is found within each one of us and non following certain regulations and ordinances to shoot it. ( Richard, 2007 )In transmission line to Maslow pyramid where an indispensable degree in human being life is the belonging demand because people has a fright of purdah, they need to hold this sense that makes them more safe and secured. A human being ever brush alterations and procedure throughout his life that is interchangeable harmonizing to the society and clip operator and non a fixed entity. If a individu al does non take part within his society, he or she wont be able to be a to the full single. For Locke, socialisation is an indispensable procedure to go through through in each phase or ones life. ( Locke, 1988 )The German sociologist Georg Simmel, argues that sociableness is independent from a individual development. For him, an person is unavailing to make a cultural background unless he is involved in his society. ( Simmel, 1968 ) he stated that through being portion of a big group in the society helps developing the individualism of each individual since people within these groups hunt for common evidences between each other in order to collaborate and incorporate more by qualification meshing relationships. The chief purpose is clear every bit long as a individual involves and interacts socially with his milieus and society, he or she discovers more about himself and develop more his individualism which would be besides reflected in the scenes of the metropolis. For Simmel, the border nowadays between individualism and collectivity is non a stable a individual is uncomplete an single animal nor a corporate 1. ( Simmel, 1968 ) hence, a impression has been ever used which is more complex, disordered, bounteous a society is the more it is able to supply its single with rich experience that is indispensable for the building of their ain development and strength. This methodological analysis indicates the importance of the procedure of socialisation in the advancement of a society. However this construct was non applied by everyone and some others found the demand to travel into and antisocial society. ( Richard, 2007 )A metropolis theoretician would back up the fantasy of socialisation in the metropolis every bit long as he or she regards it as a positive mean for the metropolis. In contrast to Le Corbusier, who didnt take into consideration this method. A protagonist of Le Corbusier manner of thought is popsPenseesin 1670. For papa, populating with in a group and being attached to the society, people will be making tonss of activities that will deviate them from looking their ain truth and individualism. The lone account of ones interaction with others is for this individual ain satisfaction and demands. Pascal provinces that relationships between persons are useless and meaningless. Since human qualities and behaviours change through clip therefore, single shall non blow their clip in understanding and cognizing more about others qualities and common evidences. Through purdah, a individual is able to analyse his or her ain swelled head without pass oning with others that would be obstructions for our true ego. Therefore, Pascal tries to convert to non trust on other people and go devoted to them. Le Corbusier denoted the manner of thought of Pascal when he was inspired about the societal life that he predicted in his programs for the metropolis of Paris. For him, remnant is when a individual spends more clip in his room in h is purdah analysing his ain ego. He intended to coerce people to pass more clip in their room more than outgo it with other people in other topographic points ( Richard, 2007 ) . The manner of thought of Le Corbusier indicates his vision of segregating people each one on his ain by prefering the clip they spend with their purdah. He had multilevel where the autos go through meets the prosaic to cut down common interaction between people. Other inside informations were thought of in order to perfectualize his vision such as making one floor that hosts a large kitchen that has the purpose of functioning all the suites, no public eating houses are available. Sound proofing walls are adding to cut down any noise coming from neighbouring cells. The proposed towers have a cross form to cut down optical interaction between people. The lone positions to the exterior is nature as sky and verdure. As a drumhead, Le Corbusier insists on the fact that a individual should his ain infinite bu bble where he is free to make whatever he desire without being disturbed from other interfering in his ain ego and purdah. However, this sort of individualism is insulating the metropolis from its users where the group construct is removed hence a metropolis would never germinate and come on since each one is populating on its ain with no demand of others. However a group is able to act upon the metropolis and authorities determinations toward the metropolis users. As illustration the purposes to do a main road base on balls through users edifices in Mar Michael el nahr, Beirut, people started attesting against it and making runs to act upon the authorities determinations, individualism can neer work out such issues. However, Le Corbusier was non cognizant of these antisocial aspirations, neither their chief menace which is criminalism. Similarly an observation was done by Albert Camus to query the rate the grade of association of the antisocial manner of thought and public present ation of people while linking it with criminalism. Every ethic conceived in purdah, implies the exercising of power Camus provinces inTheJohnny reb( 1951 ) . There are different types of wickednesss as offense of passion, offense of logic that an antisocial individual detect. The chief thought of Camus was believing that rebellion is an indispensable atom of life even if this rebellion top executive be reflected into force whether in ideas, in society or in individualism, this can non deny its importance. For him, revolution is sincere, every bit long as it does non transform the idea into act, nevertheless by making so, it is considered as a fixed action. Therefore, the rebellion must hold a manner that coexist along the boundary line half off from isolation and society. This shows how Le Corbusier was unable to hold on the menaces that a constructed antisocial metropolis would host. He is considered as more than an first-class graphic designer at the architectural graduated ta ble but when he started to believe on the urban graduated table, this is where the calamities started with him.Presents, metropoliss are valued and measured, without inquiry, depending on the grade of societal activity that they host par excellence. Therefore, holding an thought of making an antisocial metropolis, as a proposal by an urban contriver, is considered an foreign thought to the stream ways of thought and behaving. Thats why the thoughts of modern theoretician and utopic manner of thought should be disregard and replaced by the demands of the metropolis and its users ( Richard, 2007 ) .During the first half of the 20th century, Le Corbusier stressed on believing about metropoliss, nevertheless, in her bookThe Death and Life of Great American Cities( 1961 ) , Jane Jacobs, an urban economic expert who opposes wholly the antisocial vision of Le Corbusier, discussed that real people are alone, they invest old ages of their lives in important relationships with other alone pe ople, and are non interchangeable in the least. Severed from their relationships, they are destroyed as effectual societal existences sometimes for a small piece, sometimes forever. In other footings, being engaged in a condensed cyberspace of accountable societal interaction, people will be able to get characters and individualities. While discover an assembly of rambunctious kids in a communal undertaking, Jacobs stated that these were anon. kids, and the individualities behind them were an unknown. . . . Impersonal metropolis streets make anon. people I think that people need other people. One might see that merely in small towns, people demand other people and need to populate closely. However, the chief statement of Jacobs is that populating in metropoliss deliver a diverseness in relationships and interaction among people, this could go on merely if antisocial urban contrivers are out to picture the metropolis streets as detached and their users as unidentified. ( Richard, 2 007 )A relevant illustration could be mentioned is the local Lebanese purposes of devaluating the usage of autos in topographic points in the metropolis, such as the Beirut By Bike activity launched to prefer a more eco-friendly and human motions in the metropolis, a merriment chilling bike drive around Beirut.These activities serve as urban tools to promote societal inclusions, interaction and usage of the metropolis streets by the metropolis users. These activities are besides manifested in Tripoli where a biking event was initiated with a defined motorcycle flight from Maarad Rashid Karami as get toss off point traveling to the waterfront and valance. A metropolis without its streets and a street without the metropolis users can non work. Similarly to the model of Gemayzeh, Beirut, chief additive narrow street, it is a heavy strip in the metropolis and really restless during the twenty-four hours and dark. What a metropolis needs is ever a human graduated table bed meshing with its map, grid, substructure and other beds. The metropolis needs its users and frailty versa and the streets are the chief topographic points manufacture between the two where the extreme human societal activities should happen to do the metropolis map. Even though societal metropoliss has negative impacts on the users as prefering jobs, confronting more troubles and increasing complications, but its negative impact is able to be grasped more than that of the antisocial metropolis. Thats why making an antisocial metropolis is non a ancestor for the jobs encountered in a societal metropolis but a manner to increase its complications more.MentionsChief articleRichard, S. ( 2007 ) . The Antisocial Urbanism of Le Corbusier,TheUrban Reinventors, volume 13, issue ( 1 ) , pp. 50-56Jacobs, J. I2007 ) . What Makes A City? Planing for Quality of Space,IOS calf love Dutch capitalBeecher, J. &038 A Bienvenu, R. ( 1971 ) . The Utopian Vision of Charles Fourier, BeaconImperativeness BostonCa mus, A. ( 1978 ) . The Rebel An Essay on Man Revolt, Alfred A. Knopf New YorkRichards, S. ( 2003 ) . Le Corbusier and The Concept of Self, Yale University Press NewHaven and capital of the United KingdomSimmel, G. ( 1968 ) . Conflict and the Web of Group Affiliations, THE FREE PRESSNew YorkSerenyi, P. ( 1967 ) . Le Corbusier, Fourier, and the Monastery of Ema,Art Bulletin49.4,pp. 277 92.Locke, J. ( 1988 ) .Two Treatises of Government, erectile dysfunction. Peter Laslett ( 1690 CambridgeCambridge University Press, pp. 269 78, 283 302, 318 53.Pascal, B. ( 1670 )Pensees, trans. A. J. Krailsheimer, London Penguin, 40,42, 43, 59, 275.

Sunday, May 19, 2019

Assessing Importance of School Factors Such as Racism Essay

A variety of material disadvantages that may confront social minorities coming from working configuration backgrounds ar they do not achieve the same level of education. The primary(prenominal) achievers atomic number 18 Indian, Chinese and Afri post students, precisely the lowest achievers be Turkish, Bangladeshi And Afro Caribbean students. The white working strain students are the lowest achieving, which is shady because most sociologists are white who stereotype and label other students from different backgrounds.The main(prenominal) cause of underachievement in schools are cultural and language factors which sociologists clarify and focus on and are musical theme to be main cause of everything. Previously the spotlight has been put on what happens in school and racism in commonality As shown by Cecile Wright, which explains that, Asian students can also be the victims of teachers Cecile found start that regardless of the schools evident promise to equal opportuni ties, teachers still hold ethnocentric views they believe that British culture and English are greater.This prepared teachers to assume that they would live a poor pronunciation of English and left them out of class debates or used basic, child resembling speech when speaking to them. Asian pupils also felt cut run into when teachers spoken dissatisfaction of their behaviour or misread their names. Teachers saw them not as a risk but as a difficulty they could take no notice of. This resulted in that Asian pupils in contingent the girls were hard-pressed to the limits and disallowed from play a part fully.Close at hand is proof of teacher racial discrimination and harmful labelling. Nevertheless study shows that pupils can take action in variety of ways. They may take action by becoming unsettling or withdrawn but pupils may decline to mark to the label and even choose to prove it incorrect by putting in hard work. displeasing labels do not repeatedly twist into self-fulfilling prophecy Working class white pupils attain under standards and have lesser desires. There isnt much parental support at home, which substance in that location is low achievement and goals.Reports show that teachers have to deal with low level of behaviour and discipline in white working class schools. Nevertheless they had fewer kids on benefit programs teachers blame this on piteous parental support at home and negative attitude that white working class parents have towards their children and their education. The life in the street for white working class can be tough for pupils which means they get used to getting intimidating and intimidate other which they pick up and use in school to cause disruptions and make it hard for other students to succeed at school.Underachievement of student of different is infernal on cultural deprivation. Few sociologists say that Afro-Caribbean families lack a close relationship to their family and therefore are extremely violent towards ever ything they do. Arguments explain that families arent very supportive towards their children and they gullt offer rich cultural capital for their children. Stereotypical views suggest those students are not deprived because of their class or because of their backgrounds.Factors like social class are important to certain ethnic minorities like Pakistanis, Bangladeshis and a considerable meter of Afro-Caribbean students, which are all working class backgrounds in which material deprivation play a main role because to find out why they achieve below the national standards. Sociologists say schools and curriculums made notwithstanding for one specific group of ethnic nonage affords priority to one particular ethnic minority while disregarding other ethnic groups. Some schools have curriculums, which are ethnocentric because they only give priority to English languages.The British curriculum has been described as exclusively British. In history Britain is thought to bring civilisati on to ancient people are colonised. Black people as inferior weakens glowering childrens self esteem and Leads to them to underachieving and failing. It isnt for sure what effects the ethnocentric study shows that threatening dont really suffer from low self esteem. Wrights study found some ethnic minority groups received poorer interaction from staff. Teachers perceptions were seem as stereotypical although Asian students were seen as good and black students were seen disruptive and disobedient.Study show that schools in cities which contain ethnic minority students were not benefitting in harm of O Levels entries because of being in low set and having to achieve high grade in guild to get good results and make successful. Overall taking into consideration we can not split or label ethnicity from social classes and gender since this is really difficult matter as some of the main achieving students are from ethnic minorities so for that reason there isnt a connection here so we cant make statements or come to conclusions as to what the association among ethnic groups and schools actually are.Pupils can scorn to accept negative classing and teacher expectations. Sociologists cant come to a conclusion to explain what occurs amid teacher and students or what takes place in different ethnic groups related to education. Students live up to roles they are given but can try to resist the labels and getting put behind by carrying out what is thought of them to do or do what they want to do and achieve good education and become successful.